Alphabet (GOOGL)

Online advertising giant Alphabet (NASDAQ:GOOGL) reported Q3 CY2025 results beating Wall Street’s revenue expectations, with sales up 15.9% year on year to $102.3 billion. Its GAAP profit of $2.87 per share was 26.9% above analysts’ consensus estimates.

Key Topics & Areas Of Debate

The key question surrounding Alphabet today isn’t whether Google will survive the AI wave (it has increasingly proven it will), but whether it can monetize it as effectively as it did the mobile internet. Investors are asking whether Alphabet’s integration of Gemini into Search, YouTube, and Cloud enhances user experience without eroding the high-margin ad clicks that drive its profits.

Search still accounts for a meaningful portion of Alphabet’s total revenue, and its global share remains near 90% despite the rise of generative-AI assistants. While Microsoft’s Bing benefits from its integration with ChatGPT and Copilot, its gains seem to have plateaued. The more relevant competitive shift is toward conversational interfaces such as ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, Meta AI, and Apple Intelligence—all vying for “discovery time” once dominated by Google.

Beyond Search, Gemini’s deep integration into Google Cloud and Workspace positions Alphabet as both an AI application and infrastructure provider—a dual advantage few can match. The long-term debate has shifted from existential risk to execution risk: can Alphabet scale its AI ecosystem and monetize Gemini’s capabilities across Search, Cloud, and YouTube without cannibalizing ad revenue or running afoul of regulators? For investors, that balance between innovation and profitability will define the next leg of Alphabet’s growth story.

Alphabet competes with Microsoft often, as both companies offer productivity tools. Microsoft is also one of its primary adversaries in the public cloud services market along with Amazon’s formidable AWS (NASDAQ:AMZN). Finally, Netflix (NASDAQ:NFLX), Disney (NYSE:DIS), and many other video streaming platforms go head-to-head against the company’s YouTube segment.

Started by Stanford students Larry Page and Sergey Brin in a Menlo Park garage, Alphabet (NASDAQ:GOOGL) is the parent company of the eponymous Google Search engine, Google Cloud Platform, and YouTube.

Alphabet proves that huge, scaled companies can still grow quickly. The company’s revenue base of $171.7 billion five years ago has more than doubled to $385.5 billion in the last year, translating into an incredible 17.6% annualized growth rate.

Alphabet’s growth over the same period was also higher than its big tech peers, Amazon (15.2%), Microsoft (14.8%), and Apple (8.4%). Comparing the four is relevant because investors often pit them against each other to derive their valuations. With these benchmarks in mind, we think Alphabet is a bit expensive (but still worth owning).

We at StockStory emphasize long-term growth, but for big tech companies, a half-decade historical view may miss emerging trends in AI. Alphabet’s annualized revenue growth of 13.9% over the last two years is below its five-year trend, but we still think the results suggest healthy demand.

This quarter, Alphabet reported year-on-year revenue growth of 15.9%, and its $102.3 billion of revenue exceeded Wall Street’s estimates by 2.4%. Looking ahead, sell-side This projection is still healthy and illustrates the market sees some success for its newer products.

The most topical question surrounding Alphabet today is: “Will new Generative-AI products like ChatGPT and Meta AI disrupt Google Search and its 80%+ market share?”.

Although OpenAI (creator of ChatGPT) doesn’t disclose its financials, we can gain further insight by comparing Google Search to Meta and Microsoft’s Bing. Meta essentially has a monopoly in social media advertising and is creeping into search with Meta AI, which is powered by its Llama large language model, while Bing is the distant number two search engine that benefits from its integration with ChatGPT.

Starting with Alphabet, Google Search is by far the most considerable portion of its revenue at 55.9%, and it grew at a 16.8% annualized rate over the last five years, in line with its total revenue. The previous two years saw deceleration as it grew by 12.7% annually, though this isn’t concerning since it’s still expanding quickly.

On the other hand, its two-year result was lower than Meta’s 22.2%, showing digital advertising dollars could be flowing to Meta because of its improved AI algorithms and targeting capabilities. Alphabet bulls would argue this trend could reverse because the return on investment from keyword-driven advertising is more tangible, but that hasn’t been the case lately.

Quarterly performance is particularly relevant for Alphabet because it captures the growth of AI and signals whether investors are overestimating its competitive impact. Bulls can rejoice as Google Search revenue exceeded expectations in Q3, outperforming Wall Street Consensus by 2.8%. The segment recorded a hearty year-on-year increase of 14.5%.

While this was slower than Bing’s 20%, it’s important to consider that Bing has a much smaller revenue base and doesn’t pose a significant threat yet. Still, Alphabet must continue topping Wall Street’s Google Search projections and performing well in other segments like Google Cloud Platform and YouTube to win the debate.

Almost all modern internet applications are built on public cloud infrastructure. AWS is a massive success for Amazon, and it is no surprise that Alphabet wants a slice of the pie. But can it catch up?

Revenue in Alphabet’s Google Cloud Platform (GCP) grew at a spectacular pace over the last five years, clocking in at 34.9% annualized. On a two-year basis, growth was 30.3%. This was slower than its five-year rate, but it’s impressive nonetheless.

Since 2020, GCP has expanded from 6.9% of consolidated revenue to 13.7% today, and the segment’s size should increase over time as its growth is expected to outpace Search and the overall business.

However, when comparing GCP to its "hyperscaler" peers, we can see it’s far behind in third - its run-rate revenue (current quarter’s sales times four) is around $60 billion while AWS and Azure (a subset of Microsoft’s Intelligent Cloud segment) are on track for roughly $100 billion and $100 billion, respectively. GCP’s smaller revenue base makes it easier to grow, but the looming question is if it can catch up in scale and exhibit the same profit margins.

This quarter, GCP revenue grew by 33.5%, beating expectations by 2.6%. Its growth was faster than AWS’s 17.5% but slower than Azure’s 86.1%. Given the scale differences, GCP must consistently outgrow its rivals for an extended period to have any chance of besting the competition.

Online video streaming platforms make money through subscription fees, advertising, or some combination of both. Advertising is the bigger chunk of sales for YouTube, and like GCP, it is a smaller segment for Alphabet at 10.2% of revenue. Still, YouTube is a focus for investors given its large addressable market and 2.5 billion+ monthly active users.

Over the last five years, YouTube’s strong 17.5% annualized revenue growth was in line with the broader company’s performance. In recent years, however, the segment decelerated, as seen by its 14.2% two-year annual growth. This is still healthy, and some level of deceleration is expected with a large revenue base.

A comforting data point is that its growth was similar to Netflix’s 15.1% annualized rate over the last two years, though comparisons aren’t exactly apples-to-apples because Netflix mainly generates revenue through subscriptions (you can see this in YouTube’s choppier advertising revenue in the chart below). We’ll continue monitoring the situation closely as Netflix’s new ad-supported tier could increase competition for online video ad dollars.

In Q3, YouTube’s $10.26 billion of revenue beat expectations by 2.4% and grew by 15% year on year. The quarterly print isn’t too different than its two-year result, suggesting it’s staying the course.

Alphabet’s biggest source of revenue, advertising from Google Search, is also quite profitable. Its gross margin routinely punches in above 75% because its cost of goods sold is low - they mostly consist of traffic acquisition costs, or payments made to browsers and mobile carriers for directing web traffic to google.com.

The company’s other businesses like GCP and YouTube, with their data center and content costs, have lower gross margins than Search, so they drag overall unit economics down. Still, Alphabet’s consolidated gross margin is rock-solid as it averaged 57.3% over the last five years. This serves as a nice starting point for ultimate operating profitability and free cash flow.

Alphabet’s gross margin was 59.6% in Q3, similar to the same quarter last year. That means for every $100 in revenue, $59.58 was left to invest in sales, marketing, R&D, and general administrative overhead.

Operating margin is the key profitability measure for Alphabet. It’s the portion of revenue left after accounting for all operating expenses – everything from the IT infrastructure powering online searches to product development and administrative expenses.

Alphabet has been a well-oiled machine over the last five years. It demonstrated elite profitability for a consumer internet business, boasting an average operating of 29.7%. A closer examination is required, however, because the company’s individual business lines have very different margin profiles.

The Google Services segment, which includes Search, YouTube, the Pixel smartphone, and other advertising revenues, boasted an average operating margin of 37.2% over the last five years (Search and YouTube standalone profitability is not disclosed).

Google Cloud was also profitable, recording an average operating margin of 6.1% at the same time. The cherry on top was this quarter’s margin of 23.7%, which shows the business is gaining operating leverage. Still, GCP’s most recent margin is below AWS’s 32.9% quarterly print. GCP has a long way to catch up on both scale and margins, which isn’t surprising since the second dynamic very much depends on the first.

Putting it all together, Alphabet’s operating rose by 1.9 percentage points over the last five years. This expansion was driven by operating leverage across its businesses, and if Alphabet can avoid overhiring, company-level margins could tick even higher.

This quarter, Alphabet generated an operating profit margin of 30.5%, down 1.8 percentage points year on year. Since Alphabet’s operating decreased more than its gross margin, we can assume it was less efficient because expenses such as marketing, R&D, and administrative overhead increased.

In the coming year, Wall Street expects Alphabet to become more profitable. Analysts are expecting the company’s trailing 12-month operating of 32.2% to rise to 33.6%. The direction of consolidated operating margins historically plus the expected increase over the next year suggest Alphabet is reaping some benefits from AI, whether it be internally or through higher revenues and operating leverage.

We track the long-term change in earnings per share (EPS) alongside revenue and margins because it shows whether a company’s growth is profitable and what else affects shareholder returns.

Alphabet’s EPS grew at an astounding 31.2% compounded annual growth rate over the last five years, higher than its 17.6% annualized revenue growth. This tells us the company became more profitable on a per-share basis as it expanded.

We can take a deeper look into Alphabet’s earnings to better understand the drivers of its performance. As we mentioned earlier, Alphabet’s operating declined this quarter but expanded by 1.9 percentage points over the last five years. Its share count also shrank by 11%, and these factors together are positive signs for shareholders because improving profitability and share buybacks turbocharge EPS growth relative to revenue growth.

Like with revenue, we analyze EPS over a shorter period to see if we are missing a change in the business.

For Alphabet, its two-year annual EPS growth of 39% was higher than its five-year trend. We love it when earnings growth accelerates, especially when it accelerates off an already high base.

In Q3, Alphabet reported EPS of $2.87, up from $2.12 in the same quarter last year. This print easily cleared analysts’ estimates, and shareholders should be content with the results. Over the next 12 months, Wall Street expects Alphabet’s full-year EPS of $10.09 to grow 2.6%.

If you’ve followed StockStory for a while, you know we emphasize free cash flow. Why, you ask? We believe that in the end, cash is king, and you can’t use accounting profits to pay the bills or invest for the future.

Alphabet has shown robust cash profitability, driven by its attractive business model that enables it to reinvest or return capital to investors while maintaining a cash cushion. The company’s free cash flow margin averaged 21.7% over the last five years, quite impressive for a consumer internet business.

Taking a step back, we can see that Alphabet’s margin dropped by 8.4 percentage points over the last five years. It may have ticked higher more recently, but shareholders are likely hoping for its margin to at least revert to its historical level. If the longer-term trend returns, it could signal it is in the middle of an investment cycle as it competes for the best AI chips to power its products.

Alphabet’s free cash flow clocked in at $24.46 billion in Q3, equivalent to a 23.9% margin. This result was good as its margin was 3.9 percentage points higher than in the same quarter last year. Its cash profitability was also above its five-year level, and we hope the company can build on this trend.

Over the next year, analysts’ consensus estimates show they’re expecting Alphabet’s free cash flow margin of 19.1% for the last 12 months to remain the same.

EPS and free cash flow tell us whether a company was profitable while growing its revenue. But was it capital-efficient? A company’s ROIC explains this by showing how much operating profit it makes compared to the money it has raised (debt and equity).

Alphabet’s five-year average ROIC was 42%, placing it among the best consumer internet companies. This illustrates its management team’s ability to invest in highly profitable ventures and produce tangible results for shareholders.

We like to invest in businesses with high returns, but the trend in a company’s ROIC is what often surprises the market and moves the stock price. Unfortunately, Alphabet’s ROIC has decreased significantly over the last few years. This is because it’s investing aggressively to capture the AI opportunity. Only time will tell if these investments bear fruit in higher long-term ROICs.

Big corporations like Alphabet are attractive to many investors in times of instability thanks to their fortress balance sheets that buffer pockets of soft demand.

Alphabet has an eye-popping $98.5 billion of cash on its balance sheet (that’s no typo) compared to $21.61 billion of debt. This $76.89 billion net cash position is 2.4% of its market cap and shockingly larger than the value of most public companies, giving it the freedom to borrow money, return capital to shareholders, or invest in growth initiatives. Leverage is not an issue here.

We were impressed by how significantly Alphabet blew past analysts’ EPS expectations this quarter. We were also glad its revenue outperformed Wall Street’s estimates. On the other hand, its operating income missed. Zooming out, we think this was a good print with some key areas of upside. The stock traded up 4.7% to $288 immediately after reporting.

Updated: December 4, 2025 at 9:29 PM EST

The latest quarterly earnings matters, sure, but we actually think longer-term fundamentals and valuation matter more. Investors should consider all these pieces before deciding whether or not to invest in Alphabet.

There are multiple reasons why we think Alphabet is an amazing business. For starters, its superb long-term revenue growth driven by Google Cloud Platform signals it has an untapped market opportunity ahead of it. And while its falling cash profitability means it’s investing heavily to keep pace in the AI-race, its lean cost base results in a strong operating margin. On top of that, Alphabet’s stellar ROIC illustrates its historical ability to make home run bets like YouTube and Google Maps.

Alphabet’s price-to-earnings ratio based on the next 12 months is 30.1x. Some good news is baked into the stock given its multiple, but we’ll happily own Alphabet as its fundamentals really stand out. It’s often wise to hold investments like this for at least three to five years, as the power of long-term compounding negates short-term price swings that can accompany relatively high valuations.

Wall Street analysts have a consensus one-year price target of $326.57 on the company (compared to the current share price of $317.47).