HCA Healthcare (HCA)

Hospital operator HCA Healthcare (NYSE:HCA) announced better-than-expected revenue in Q3 CY2025, with sales up 9.6% year on year to $19.16 billion. The company’s full-year revenue guidance of $75.75 billion at the midpoint came in 0.9% above analysts’ estimates. Its GAAP profit of $6.96 per share was 22.2% above analysts’ consensus estimates.

Company Overview

With roots dating back to 1968 and a network spanning 20 states, HCA Healthcare (NYSE:HCA) operates a network of 190 hospitals and 150+ outpatient facilities providing a full range of medical services across the US and England.

Hospital chains operate scale-driven businesses that rely on patient volumes, efficient operations, and favorable payer contracts to drive revenue and profitability. These organizations benefit from the essential nature of their services, which ensures consistent demand, particularly as populations age and chronic diseases become more prevalent. However, profitability can be pressured by rising labor costs, regulatory requirements, and the challenges of balancing care quality with cost efficiency. Dependence on government and private insurance reimbursements also introduces financial uncertainty. Looking ahead, hospital chains stand to benefit from tailwinds such as increasing healthcare utilization driven by an aging population that generally has higher incidents of disease. AI can also be a tailwind in areas such as predictive analytics for more personalized treatment and efficiency (intake, staffing, resourcing allocation). However, the sector faces potential headwinds such as labor shortages that could push up wages as well as substantial investments needs for digital infrastructure to support telehealth and electronic health records. Regulatory scrutiny, and reimbursement cuts are also looming topics that could further strain margins.

HCA Healthcare's main competitors include other large hospital operators such as Tenet Healthcare (NYSE:THC), Universal Health Services (NYSE:UHS), Community Health Systems (NYSE:CYH), and Ascension Health, as well as regional healthcare systems in its operating markets.

Larger companies benefit from economies of scale, where fixed costs like infrastructure, technology, and administration are spread over a higher volume of goods or services, reducing the cost per unit. Scale can also lead to bargaining power with suppliers, greater brand recognition, and more investment firepower. A virtuous cycle can ensue if a scaled company plays its cards right.

With $74.37 billion in revenue over the past 12 months, HCA Healthcare is one of the most scaled enterprises in healthcare. This is particularly important because hospital chains companies are volume-driven businesses due to their low margins.

A company’s long-term sales performance is one signal of its overall quality. Any business can experience short-term success, but top-performing ones enjoy sustained growth for years. Thankfully, HCA Healthcare’s 7.9% annualized revenue growth over the last five years was decent. Its growth was slightly above the average healthcare company and shows its offerings resonate with customers.

Long-term growth is the most important, but within healthcare, a half-decade historical view may miss new innovations or demand cycles. HCA Healthcare’s annualized revenue growth of 8.5% over the last two years aligns with its five-year trend, suggesting its demand was stable.

This quarter, HCA Healthcare reported year-on-year revenue growth of 9.6%, and its $19.16 billion of revenue exceeded Wall Street’s estimates by 3.3%.

Looking ahead, sell-side analysts expect revenue to grow 4% over the next 12 months, a deceleration versus the last two years. This projection doesn't excite us and suggests its products and services will see some demand headwinds. At least the company is tracking well in other measures of financial health.

HCA Healthcare has managed its cost base well over the last five years. It demonstrated solid profitability for a healthcare business, producing an average operating margin of 17.3%.

Looking at the trend in its profitability, HCA Healthcare’s operating margin decreased by 5.4 percentage points over the last five years. The company’s two-year trajectory also shows it failed to get its profitability back to the peak as its margin fell by 3.6 percentage points. This performance was poor no matter how you look at it - it shows its expenses were rising and it couldn’t pass those costs onto its customers.

This quarter, HCA Healthcare generated an operating margin profit margin of 15.5%, up 1.7 percentage points year on year. This increase was a welcome development and shows it was more efficient.

We track the long-term change in earnings per share (EPS) for the same reason as long-term revenue growth. Compared to revenue, however, EPS highlights whether a company’s growth is profitable.

HCA Healthcare’s EPS grew at an astounding 21.2% compounded annual growth rate over the last five years, higher than its 7.9% annualized revenue growth. This tells us the company became more profitable on a per-share basis as it expanded.

Diving into the nuances of HCA Healthcare’s earnings can give us a better understanding of its performance. A five-year view shows that HCA Healthcare has repurchased its stock, shrinking its share count by 31.2%. This tells us its EPS outperformed its revenue not because of increased operational efficiency but financial engineering, as buybacks boost per share earnings.

In Q3, HCA Healthcare reported EPS of $6.96, up from $4.89 in the same quarter last year. This print easily cleared analysts’ estimates, and shareholders should be content with the results. Over the next 12 months, Wall Street expects HCA Healthcare’s full-year EPS of $25.87 to grow 8.8%.

Free cash flow isn't a prominently featured metric in company financials and earnings releases, but we think it's telling because it accounts for all operating and capital expenses, making it tough to manipulate. Cash is king.

HCA Healthcare has shown decent cash profitability, giving it some flexibility to reinvest or return capital to investors. The company’s free cash flow margin averaged 6.9% over the last five years, slightly better than the broader healthcare sector.

Taking a step back, we can see that HCA Healthcare’s margin expanded by 11.2 percentage points during that time. This is encouraging, and we can see it became a less capital-intensive business because its free cash flow profitability rose while its operating profitability fell.

HCA Healthcare’s free cash flow clocked in at $3.13 billion in Q3, equivalent to a 16.3% margin. This result was good as its margin was 3 percentage points higher than in the same quarter last year, building on its favorable historical trend.

EPS and free cash flow tell us whether a company was profitable while growing its revenue. But was it capital-efficient? A company’s ROIC explains this by showing how much operating profit it makes compared to the money it has raised (debt and equity).

HCA Healthcare’s five-year average ROIC was 28.3%, placing it among the best healthcare companies. This illustrates its management team’s ability to invest in highly profitable ventures and produce tangible results for shareholders.

We like to invest in businesses with high returns, but the trend in a company’s ROIC is what often surprises the market and moves the stock price. On average, HCA Healthcare’s ROIC decreased by 4.7 percentage points annually over the last few years. Only time will tell if its new bets can bear fruit and potentially reverse the trend.

HCA Healthcare reported $997 million of cash and $44.51 billion of debt on its balance sheet in the most recent quarter. As investors in high-quality companies, we primarily focus on two things: 1) that a company’s debt level isn’t too high and 2) that its interest payments are not excessively burdening the business.

With $15.16 billion of EBITDA over the last 12 months, we view HCA Healthcare’s 2.9× net-debt-to-EBITDA ratio as safe. We also see its $1.08 billion of annual interest expenses as appropriate. The company’s profits give it plenty of breathing room, allowing it to continue investing in growth initiatives.

We enjoyed seeing HCA Healthcare beat analysts’ full-year EPS guidance expectations this quarter. We were also glad its EPS outperformed Wall Street’s estimates. Zooming out, we think this was a good print with some key areas of upside. The stock traded up 4.2% to $458.51 immediately after reporting.

Updated: December 3, 2025 at 11:08 PM EST

Before deciding whether to buy HCA Healthcare or pass, we urge investors to consider business quality, valuation, and the latest quarterly results.

There are multiple reasons why we think HCA Healthcare is an amazing business. First of all, the company’s revenue growth was decent over the last five years. On top of that, its scale makes it a trusted partner with negotiating leverage, and its rising cash profitability gives it more optionality.

HCA Healthcare’s P/E ratio based on the next 12 months is 17x. Looking across the spectrum of healthcare companies today, HCA Healthcare’s fundamentals shine bright. We like the stock at this price.

Wall Street analysts have a consensus one-year price target of $477.70 on the company (compared to the current share price of $487.45).